Three morphological processesaffixation, compounding and reduplication are identified as the key operations for the formation of most words in the language. Situating universality by ifeoma obuasi yoruba ontology. Explain why the past tense alternation is a morphological process. It is a tonal language, which means that a single syllable can have multiple meanings depending on. Thus while emi soul is immortal, its creator, olodumare is also immortal. Yoruba language is also the mother tongue of thousands of people in benin and togo republics. Ogundepo, abimbola olusola emmanuel alayande college of education, oyo lanlate campus, lanlate abstract. Data are collected from the compilation of yoruba numerals and observation of its use coupled with the researchers intuitive knowledge of the language. On tone and morphophonology of the akan reduplication. The main morphological processes in the language include. The papers in this collection present the numeral systems of more than twenty nigerian languages. Pdf morphological analysis of standard yoruba nouns. International journal of humanities social sciences and. Pdf a comparative description of affixation processes in english.
Contrastive study, morphological systems, implications. A comparative description of affixation processes in english and. Okorie and oluwaseun bamidele morphological processes in anaku igbo. Yoruba language is spoken mainly in oyo, ogun, ondo, osun, and ekiti states of western nigeria. This book presents the first eversystematic analysis of the morphology of yoruba nominals in ilorin dialect. A study of relationship between arabic and yoruba languages. Aug 15, 2016 immortality in yoruba language means aiku emi soul is immortal. Of course, there are a lot of controversies surrounding the essence of their fossilization. Our primary objective is to assist and guide final year students with well researched and quality project topics, project works, research guides, and project materials, at a very reduced and affordable price. The morphology of compounding in yoruba and nigerian english. The lexeme lexeme word form go goes going car car cars gone went be be been being is are am was were. Morphological typology languages have a wide variety of morphological processes available e. This study uses the nomenclatures of this pdf handout to analyze the morphological processes in anaku igbo to prove or disprove the universality of the processes. It is a pluricentric language spoken principally in nigeria and benin, with communities in sierra leone, liberia, other parts of africa, the americas, and.
Yoruba has only 3 syllable types c, cv, and the syllabic nasal n. It is a means by which man expresses his ideas and gives meaning to his existence. Igbo language features a wide variety of highly productive concatenative and nonconcatenative morphological processes. Morphological analysis of standard yoruba nouns american. These claims account for the reason why this research, looks at morphological processes as used in both languages. Yoruba english inflectional english language english. Synthetic languages differ from analytic ones in that they string several.
Aspects of compounding in yoruba samuel ayodele dada. A comparative description of affixation processes in english and yoruba for esl pedagogy article pdf available in theory and practice in language studies 310 october 20 with 2,070 reads. A comparative study of morphologically constructed agent nouns in french and yoruba tuesday s. In this study, utterances were collected through oral interview and analyzed using the descriptive approach. Some salient issues in the unsupervised learning of igbo. Morphological description of noun formation process. Some occur to alter meaning andor part of speech derivational, others show grammatical relationships between words inflectional. Abstract the ethnography of communication, particularly of greetings, among speakers of some yoruba dialects is the major concern of this paper. In the example given above of unhappiness, we saw two kinds of affix, a prefix and a suffix.
The yoruba language yoruba is one of the three major nigerian languages the other two being hausa and igbo spoken majorly in south western nigeria. Use for blank tiles max 2 advanced search advanced search. Ng is an academic website built in nigeria that is registered with the corporate affairs commission cac. On the other hand, some versions of the yoruba language have. There are several degrees of synthesis seen in languages, from those that combine only a few morphemes to those in which an entire sentence can be expressed by a multimorphemic word. Morphology and morphological analysis 1 1 thinking about morphology and morphological analysis 1. Pertaining to the morphology, since the typology is mostly isolating it has very little inflection. Morphology and morphological analysis 3 some readers may wonder why we have not broken ation down further into two pieces, ate and ion, which function independently elsewhere. Introduction language is one of the greatest gift of god to mankind. Contrastive study of english and yoruba morphological system. In ikaram, both assimilatory and nonassimilatory processes occur. Where syntax and morphology diverge, incorporation is a solidly a morphological device that derives lexical items, not sentences.
It is spoken as a first language in oyo, ogun, ondo, osun, ekiti, lagos and parts of kwara, kogi and edo states arokoyo, 2010. Pdf this study describes the affixation processes involved in. The researcher examines the notion of morphological processes in igala. Computational morphological analysis is an important step in the natural language processing and it has always been a challenge for computational linguistics because of its richness and complexity. It is a means by which man expresses his ideas and gives meaning to. The morphology of yoruba nominals in ilorin dialect.
Publication date 1852 topics yoruba language english publisher. A critique of the conceptualization of life after death. Agency and diversity language and class resistance in nigeria. One of the morphological processes it employs for its word formation is the affixation process which is. Yoruba yoruba is a term used for a tribe as well as the language of this tribe.
The morphology of yoruba nominals in ilorin dialect linguistics edition, 83 mohammed aminu. Therefore, it can be seen that while isolating languages make little use of some morphological processes, they are nonetheless quite capable of showing grammatical relationships. Patternbased unsupervised induction of yoruba morphology. The yoruba language is a kwa language of western nigeria. In yoruba, words which end in vowels can combine through fve with words.
Pdf on jan 1, 2017, abraham sunday unubi and others published selected derivational morphological processes in english, hausa, igala and some other languages of the world find, read and cite. A vocabulary of the yoruba language by crowther, sammuel adjai, bp. Language change and morphological processes originally w atergate was a compound, but in th e meani ng dis cussed he re it was only a name, without any transparent morphological structure. This paper dwells on a concise morphological description of noun formation process involved in iguta language a minority endangered language in the north central, nigeria. Processes assigned to the phrasal morphology o hology 2 can feed and be blocked by processes assigned to the word 160 d. It is widely believed that a very large number of word forms in many languages are traceable to the outputs of morphological processes which broadly include affixation, compounding and reduplication. Global yoruba lexical database university of pennsylvania.
Linguistic analysis of the structure of yoruba numerals. This paper presents the development a morphological analyser that generates standard yoruba nouns by affixing. After the rules produce a surface form, we post process that form to account for sandhi language specific rules dictating sound changes for eu. Pdf a comparative description of affixation processes in. To this end, the paper explores the suffixation and prefixation processes involved in the formation of nouns of iguta language. The creator of emi is olodumare ajalaorun, olorun, or god etc. Cascaded affixation is a common occurrence in igbo morphology owing to the agglutinative nature of the language and it is also highly productive in the language. Yoruba vowel elision and compounding scholarlycommons. Yoruba language became one of the first west african languages to have a written grammar and dictionary in 1849. A contrastive analysis of english and yoruba morphology. This article analyses the structure of yoruba numerals and their derivation.
Assimilatory processes these are the most natural and commonest phonological processes occurring in. Topics yoruba language collection opensource language english. Just to show that languages do really vary greatly, there are also infixes. Phonological morphological idiosyncracies goed stealer waiter waitress actor actress lion lioness semantic. This study examines the differences and similarities in the morphological systems of english and yoruba languages. The basic unit of analysis in morphology is called the morpheme.
Phonological morphological idiosyncracies goed stealer waiter waitress actor actress. This is because they have changed or turned into almost indecomposable forms. Pdf selected derivational morphological processes in. An itemandprocess framework on the other hand is an approach to morphology in which complex words result from the operation of processes on simpler words. In english, the attachment of ness to an adjective such as faithful derives the noun faithfulness. There is no doubt that in any culture or civilization, language is basic, and wherever you find a similar language being spoken, there is no doubt that there must be some historical connection. The number of speakers of yoruba is estimated between 30 and 40 million, primarily by the ethnic yoruba people. We refer to the yoruba spoken in the contiguous belt stretching from southwestern nigeria to togo as the continental yoruba. It is important to take very seriously the idea that the grammatical. Result shows that the approach is admissibly in line with known benchmarks. Phonological processes may be assimilatory, that is, a segment takes on features from a neighbouring segment or nonassimilatory.
The studies combine morphological analysis using space syntax methodology developed by hillier and hanson 1984. It can either be uppercase or lowercase, but once the system processes. On the other hand, edo, also called benin is a voltaniger language spoken primarily in edo state, nigeria. Speakers are also department of english language and literature, nigerian turkish nile university, abuja. It remains the primary language of the edo people of igodomigodo. The papers mainly emanate from a workshop on the numeral systems of nigerian languages organised by the linguistic association of nigeria during its 23rd annual conference which was held at the university of port harcourt, nigeria. Languages of this type make abundant use of such morphological processes as affixation and compounding.
Ede yoruba is a language spoken in west africa and most prominently south western nigeria. Contrastive study of english and yoruba morphological. The thrust of this study is a discussion of the copious examples of morphological processes available in anaku, an igbo language variety based on some universal morphological processes. Assimilatory processes these are the most natural and commonest phonological processes occurring in language. The central claim around which the study develops is that yoruba words are formed by certain morphological principles which define the internal structure of such words. Traces of arabic words in yoruba language apart from the borrowed words from hausa to yoruba language like means leave the placekai, gani means to see properly, magaji means heirleader of a family and host of others, there are still many words in yoruba language which emanate from arabic. For instance the bontoc language from the philippines use an infix um to change adjectives and nouns into verbs. It is spoken by about twenty million people mosadomi, 2009. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Patternbased unsupervised induction of yoruba morphology gdac. To establish what processes are employed and how the processes occur in english. Pdf computational morphological analysis is an important step in the natural. The basic morphology in yoruba language morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies the internal structure of words and how words are formed in a language 5.
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